Conjugating the French Verb Construire (to Build)

Essay about Dna in Criminal Investigation - 1303 Words

Since its discovery in the 1980’s, the application of DNA has been utilized in many ways. When Deoxyribonucleic Acid, or DNA is examined, a precise decoding of genetic information is revealed. With the exception of identical twins, every person’s genetic code (commonly referred to as a Genetic Fingerprint) is inherited and unique. From Maury advising men everyday on TV â€Å"You ARE the Father!† or â€Å"You are NOT the Father!† to learning the descendents of former slaves are related to President Thomas Jefferson, we have come to rely upon and expect the accuracy of DNA. DNA almost immediately transformed the American Criminal Justice System. Law Enforcement, District Attorneys, Defense Attorneys, Criminal Court and Family Court all work†¦show more content†¦The rape victims told police their attacker was about 160 pounds; Anthony Capozzi weighed over 200 pounds. Capozzi has a prominent three inch scar on his face, but none of the rape victims re ported their attacker had a scar. Despite this all three victims identified Anthony Capozzi as the man who raped them. His case went to trial and he was convicted of two of the three rapes and sentenced to 35 years in prison. The only identification evidence introduced at trial was that of the victims. After he was convicted, Capozzi’s attorney is quoted in the Washington Post as saying, â€Å"Please don’t take comfort in the fact that Anthony Capozzi has been convicted of these two crimes, because he didn’t do them. Don’t feel that you can go running without company in Delaware Park.† Capozzi struggled with mental illness and served 15 years of his prison sentence in Central New York Psychiatric Center. Capozzi maintained his innocence, and for the 22 years while he was incarcerated his family never gave up hope. After Capozzi was incarcerated the rapes continued, and the Bike Path Rapist became the Bike Path Killer. In addition to a continuing se ries of rapes in the area, two University of Buffalo students and the wife of a University of Buffalo professor were all murdered. A combination of old fashioned detective work and the science of DNA helped to solve a case that has spanned over two decades and involved over twenty five victims. OnShow MoreRelated Use of DNA in Criminal Investigations Essay2863 Words   |  12 Pagesmain source of evidence. Notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since faded away to the stunning reliability of DNA forensics. In 1984, British geneticist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered an interesting new marker in the human genome. Most DNA information is the same in every human, but the junk code between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigative purposes can be found in blood, saliva, perspiration, sexual fluid, skin tissue, bone marrow, dentalRead MoreGenetic Engineering And Forensic Criminal Investigations Through Dna Profiling1122 Words   |  5 PagesAcid (DNA). The discovery of the DNA structure by James Watson and Francis Crick was a major breakthrough in the study of science. DNA is found in all living organisms and transferred to the offspring of that organism and used in general scientific studies, their discovery of DNA has led to advancements in genetic engineering and forensic criminal investigations through DNA profiling; in contrast, it has also led to the exoneration of innocent people which have been accused of crimes. DNA profilingRead MoreDna And The Criminal Justice System872 Words   |  4 PagesDeoxyribonucleic Acid, otherwise known as DNA has played a crucial part in many investigations both past and present. It can be used to identify criminals when there is evidence left behind with incredible accuracy. DNA evidence is taken seriously enough that it can exonerate, or bring about a conviction. In Today’s society DNA evidence and technology is vital to the criminal justice system by ensuring accuracy and fairness. In 1984, Alec Jeffreys of the University of LeicesterRead MoreEssay on Criminal Investigations1096 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal Investigations are ways that crimes are looked at and criminals arrested (In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2011). It is a huge part of getting criminals off the street. Investigation is a crucial aspect for many different crimes such as, but not limited to, theft, robbery, burglary, arson, murder, and assault. Criminal Investigations can take days or up to many years to solve; some cases are never closed. Not only can investigations last for extended periods of time, the lives of those workingRead MoreInvestigation Of A Criminal Investigation Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesInvestigation Research A criminal investigator can be described as an individual who collects, records, and analyzes evidence and information related to a criminal offense. The main goal of criminal investigation is to discover the truth regarding the events and processes that contributed to the occurrence of a criminal offense. Generally, the investigative process has four major objectives i.e. establishing the occurrence of an offense, determining and arresting the suspect, recovering stolenRead MoreA Research On Forensic Science1203 Words   |  5 Pagestangible objects related to criminal activity. As science expands in its research, it is applied to the forensics field. Among the most prevalent is biotechnology. Biotechnology was developed by the manipulation of biological elements and remains closely tied to society and it needs. Although many of the advances and discoveries are used to produce goods as foods, and medications many of the innovations benefit forensic science as well. The biggest c ontribution being DNA analysis, providing additionalRead MoreThe Uses Of Dn Dna Fingerprinting1486 Words   |  6 PagesTran Mr. Tucker AP Biology 26 August 2015 The Uses of DNA: DNA Fingerprinting Sir Alec Jeffreys’ 1984 discovery of DNA fingerprinting in England has revolutionized the criminal justice system by enabling legal entities to determine innocence or guilt of a suspect to a much higher level of accuracy(Butler). This discovery has also provided the ability to identify victims of natural disasters or catastrophes like 911(Lippincott). Additionally, DNA testing or profiling, has helped doctors and researchersRead MoreThe Effectiveness of DNA Profiling in Forensics Essay684 Words   |  3 Pagesgreatly enhanced by technology. DNA profiling is one of the technologies that has influenced efficiency and credibility of forensic evidence. The FBI first started using DNA in one of its cases in 1988. In Europe, the United Kingdom opened a DNA database in 1955 (Milena, 2006). The main use of the DNA is to compare the evidence collected at crime scene with the suspects. In addition, it helps to establish a connection between the evidence and the criminals. The investiga tions have been simplified throughRead MoreThe Importance Of Fingerprinting And Blood Testing712 Words   |  3 Pagesof this nature is critical to criminal proceedings; however, there is no testimony being taken; therefore, counseling is not needed because a defendant cannot refuse such testing on the grounds of the Fifth Amendment. Fingerprint identification evidence is equated with guilt, while the lack of fingerprint identification evidence infers a weakness in the prosecutions case (Lawson, 2013). â€Å"Fingerprint identification is one of the most important criminal investigation tools due to two features: theirRead MoreEssay about DNA, The New Crime Investigator1358 Words   |  6 PagesDNA, The New Crime Investigator Abstract What is DNA? The scientific definition is â€Å"deoxyribonucleic acid, the biological polymer that stores the genetic information in all free living organisms. Two linear molecules entwine to form the double helix. Now that the definition has been stated, let’s now define what DNA means to a crime scene or case investigator. In the law enforcement business DNA has been introduce as a revolutionary and efficient accurate tool to solve and crack modern and

Transformation from 457 Visa to TSS Visa-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Provide an overview of these said changes from the 457 visa to the TSS visa and include reference to the original purpose of the 457 visa when introduced by the Howard government in 1996. Answer: In the current world of reconstructing the migration and citizenship policies of different governments across the globe, the Australian Government has also decided to restructure its strategies for allowing the business entities to hire and recruit citizens of other countries as the workers. The government has decided to replace the 457 visa with Temporary Skills Shortage (TSS) visa. Various experts have claimed that this would lead to a huge shortage of skilled workers in different industries. On the other hand, some people opine that this is a great strategy move to restrict the amount of influx of migrants to Australia and their allocation of citizenships. The decision has led to various kinds of criticisms, discussions, and debates across the world. Therefore, it would be significant to elaborately critically discuss the actual and potential changes in detail. This paper aims to logically describe the potential implications for the key stakeholders associated with this change and the possible impact of the decision with the help of data from various secondary sources of information. The purpose of the analysis will be to find out how feasible or negative the decision would prove to be for the industrial sector in Australia. Similar to several other countries, Australia also has some specific policies and programs for overseas workers. Previously, Australia offered a 457 visa for this cause. This visa was introduced in 1996 when John Howard was the prime minister of Australia; it was introduced in order to provide an opportunity to the Australia-based as well as overseas companies to sponsor skilled overseas employees as their temporary workers in Australia (Bissett Landau, 2008). However, these workers were only allowed to work as per the occupation nominated by their sponsors but the good part was that a 457 visa holder was allowed to live in Australia for up to 4 years (Bahn, 2014). During this period, the workers would develop their professional skills while providing the desired labor to their sponsors. Moreover, as per an update made in 2012, the 457 visa holders were allowed to apply for Australian citizenships only if they have completed two years of employment in the country and if their sponso rs offered them a full-time job (Bahn, Barratt-Pugh Yap, 2012). However, recently the current prime minister of Australia, Malcolm Turnbull has announced that the 457 visa will be abolished and a new Temporary Skills Shortage (TSS) visa will be introduced in its place. The new visa program is different from the previous one in various aspects suggesting that it will offer far fewer opportunities and scopes for the overseas workers to be hired in Australia, obtain a permanent visa, and to become a citizen of the country. Firstly, the workers will be hired as per a shortened list of approved occupations. However, the government has already reduced the number of approved occupations for the 457 visa, it is expected that the new list or even a more shortened list will be applicable to the TSS visa. Secondly, the TSS visa will require a minimum of 2 years of work experience for the overseas workers. The 457 visa offered employment to even those who did not have any work experience (Vela yutham, 2013) but the new terms will ensure that only the experienced workers are hired for the companies. Thirdly, the employers will be required to provide proper Labour Market Testing evidence which suggests that no local individual is eligible to fill up the vacancy. This would lead to a delay in the application for visas and the situation will get worsened when the companies are in need of an urgent hiring. Fourthly, apart from the requirement of work experience the TSS visa will also focus on higher requirements as compared to the 457 visa. These requirements include a higher skill in speaking and writing English, and police clearances. Therefore, these changes will not only make it more difficult for the overseas workers to obtain a visa for working in Australia but it will also imply that the extension of the visas will go through extensive scrutiny and review. Whereas the Australian government suggests that the changes will be implemented in order to make sure that the Australians get the first opportunity to be hired for the vacancies of companies in Australia, various experts suggest that the scenario will get worse for the industries (Ryan, 2017). The changes declared negate the proposals of the Independent Review of Integrity. For instance, the board found that there is no confirmation that required work advertise testing enhances employments for Australians and to be sure, the board alluded to OECD confirmation which affirms that the labour market testing led by the business entities is not completely solid (Taylor, 2017). Moreover, regarding the Australian setting, this testing has demonstrated ineffectual to ensure occupations for Australian laborers. The key stakeholders are also concerned regarding the potential impact of the changes. According to various industry leaders, the reforms would mean that they will have to go through m any difficulties in hiring an eligible and desired overseas worker for a vacancy to which an Australian might not fit (Kelly, 2017). Moreover, there are concerns regarding the assumption that they would have to reluctantly employ the Australian workers when there is no option to employ a foreign worker in an urgent situation (Webster, 2017). Additionally, the workers currently on 457 visas have some other concerns. The proposed changes do not clarify the process for extending the visa period. Whereas the previous norms allowed to extend the visa period when required, the new norms might force these workers to go through an extensive review before the extension is approved. The advantage of the past occupation list was that organizations could get to any talented occupations where they could exhibit a need (Weller, 2015). While a portion of the occupations on the past CSOL was criticized in the media (old fashioned merchants and shearers, for instance), the various scope of occupatio ns implied that organizations could react to advertising requests (Taylor, 2017). The advantage of the earlier list of occupations was that organizations could get to any occupation where they could exhibit a need. While a portion of these occupations was criticized in the media, the various scope of occupations implied that organizations could react to advertising requests. It also meant that a diverse set of skilled workers were working in different fields. Thus, there is also a concern for the stakeholders that the quality of their operations might drop down and the competitive scenario of the business will get diminished (Butler, 2017). The stakeholders associated with various industrial segments have demonstrated that current tasks have been put in danger by limiting access to designing occupations (Taylor, 2017). The absence of stakeholder counsel has brought about numerous organizations being contrarily influenced by the proposed reforms. The declared changes have been created and executed without adequate discussion with the stakeholders. On the off chance that the proposed changes proceed without facilitating correction numerous organizations will encounter noteworthy challenges in securing basic aptitudes. The more extensive hazard is that businesses will lose the capacity to fill the most profoundly gifted parts, thusly repressing worldwide aggressiveness, and harming the more extensive Australian economy. Planned transients contrasting an open door in Australia and another very alluring goal for employment will factor in the vulnerability of getting changeless residency in any movement choice (Ryan, 2017). This can possibly make Australia a less alluring goal and subsequently make it more troublesome for managers to draw in and hold the best hopefuls. The incessant changes in the list of occupations records will make it hard to pull in and hold the most gifted specialists. A number of 457 visa holders are employe d in the fields like medicine, engineering, and educational sector. For example, a number of current visa holders are operating in the professions of doctor or nurses (Butler, 2017). The following figure demonstrates the extent of such workers: Figure1: Overseas Doctors and Nurses in Australia [Source: Butler, J. (2017).What You Need To Know About The 457 Working Visa Changes.Huffington Post Australia. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2017/04/18/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-457- working-visa-changes_a_22043897/] Furthermore, the technology and engineering sector in Australia regularly hires overseas workers for their projects. Numerous foreign workers are currently employed in different engineering, technical and technology-based companies across Australia (Kelly, 2017). The following image will demonstrate the number of such workers: Figure 2: Most Attracting and Employing Jobs for Overseas Workers in Australia (Source: Burggraf, H. (2017).Report: More non-Australian workers eyeing Australia - International Investment.International Investment. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.internationalinvestment.net/regions/australia/report-non-australian-workers-eyeing-australia/) If the changes are implemented, these workers will have much difficulty in renewing or extending their visa periods. Moreover, the companies will also find it very difficult to hire suitable workers for these extremely critical and important fields. Therefore, this would not only lead to a problem for the workers but also for the industries themselves. These difficulties make it more troublesome for organizations to design future development. Organizations require sureness that they will have proceeded with access to basic abilities, and offering key staff access to lasting residency is a key segment. Confronted with this instability, a few organizations which are thinking about building up operations in Australia will move to a more migration inviting ward. Existing organizations who can't source basic abilities will move seaward or twist up. Although the Australian government stated that the abolition of 457 visas and the introduction of the TSS visa will ensure that the Australians get the priority and first opportunity to be employed by different organizations for various occupations, the stakeholders and policy reviewers think that the changes will make it difficult for the business entities to thrive. The reforms will make it harder for the overseas skilled workers to obtain or extend a visa to work in Australia. At the same time, the business entities will need to go through a strict review before hiring any overseas worker. This would mean that the organizations would often have to forcefully employ the Australian workers when they know that an overseas worker would be more eligible for a vacancy. The policy will certainly result in the reduction of the influx of foreign workers. At the same time, it may also force several business organizations to employ semi-skilled workers leading a drop down in the quality of s ervices. Therefore, the government need to discuss the implications of the changes with the organizations and critically consider the potential problems in order to ensure that the Australians get the first opportunity for a job but the business also gets an equal opportunity to employ the desired and deserved foreign workers for better performance and continuous progression References Bahn, S. (2014). Migrant workers on temporary 457 visas working in Australia: implications for human resource management.Asia Pacific Journal Of Human Resources,52(1), 77-92. Bahn, S., Barratt-Pugh, L., Yap, G. (2012). The employment of skilled migrants on temporary 457 visas in Australia: Emerging issues.Labour Industry: A Journal Of The Social And Economic Relations Of Work,22(4), 379-398. Bissett, M., Landau, I. (2008). Australia's 457 Visa Scheme.Alternative Law Journal,33(3), 142-146. Butler, J. (2017).What You Need To Know About The 457 Working Visa Changes.Huffington Post Australia. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2017/04/18/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-457- working-visa-changes_a_22043897/ Kelly, J. (2017).Industry calmed by visa changes.Theaustralian.com.au. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/immigration/industry- calmed-by-foreign-visa-changes/news-story/7185c124b438b5ff8c7b67a4807a3f5e Ryan, S. (2017).Australia to axe the 457 temporary work visa.TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.thejournal.ie/457-visas-australia-3344764-Apr2017/ Taylor, J. (2017).Impact of 457 changes to employer sponsored permanent residency - Immigration - Australia.Mondaq.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/591896/work+visas/Title+Impact+of+457+changes+ to+employer+sponsored+permanent+residency Velayutham, S. (2013). Precarious experiences of Indians in Australia on 457 temporary work visas.The Economic And Labour Relations Review,24(3), 340-361. Webster, M. (2017).457 Visa to be Abolished - Replaced by Temporary Skill Shortage (TSS) Visa from March 2018 | Acacia | Immigration Australia.Acacia-au.com. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.acacia-au.com/457-visas-to-be-abolished-from-march- 2018.php Weller, S. (2015). Accounting for Skill Shortages? Migration and the Australian Labour Market.Population, Space And Place,23(2), e1997.

Womens Jingle Dress an Example by

Womens Jingle Dress Dances had been a part of every countrys culture. Often times, dances are being held to mark a significant event or occasion and these are more likely to be inclined in religious and social functions. Like any other remarkable indigenous dances, powwow dances are held to gather American Indians signalling the end of a season and meeting the beginning of a new one (Our History). In this event, Native Americans congregate to give thanks for the good happenings of the past season and ask for the persistence of such prosperity for the coming season. Such dances are entertaining to be seen but in the viewpoint of the dancers and the elders, it holds a sacred meaning. The Powwow is a collection of various dances which is basically composed of several dances including men's traditional dance, mens fancy dance, mens grass dance, womens traditional dance, womens fancy shawl dance, tiny tots dance and the womens jingle dress dance (Powwow dances). Each and every dance is distinct from one another and depicts different stories and meanings. Movements or steps in the mentioned dances also varies and are performed by dancers within different age range (one of the dances is performed by children aged six and below). Need essay sample on "Womens Jingle Dress" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Often Tell EssayLab professionals: Idon't want to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my friends Specialists recommend: Academic Papers For Sale One of the notable powwow dances is the womens jingle dance. This dance tells a legend of a medical mans ill granddaughter who, with the help of a beautiful spirit, dress in a jingle dress was cured (Pearson 72). Womens jingle dress was regarded as a prayer dress because of the legend told and carried throughout time. Upon performing and honoring this dance, along with the other powwow dances, the Native Americans show their outmost respect to their ancestors, elders, families, veterans, friends and events in Native American history. Origin, Description and Significance of Womens Jingle Dress The Womens Jingle dress dance was said to have been originated in Northern Minnesota. As mentioned in the introductory paragraph, the foundation of womens jingle dress was derived from a legend regarding a medicine mans ill granddaughter. It was told in the legend that the idea and creation of the dress was taught to the medicine man by a beautiful spirit through his dream. Upon creating the dress, the spirit advises the man to put it on his granddaughter to cure her. The song to be used as well as the movements of the dance was also taught by the spirit. The medicine man, having great faith on what the spirit told him, made the dress and put it on his granddaughter (Person 72). Together with other companions, they gathered in the dance hall and there they witnessed the miracle brought by the jingle dress. The granddaughter was cured and danced in gladness. The steps of the dance mostly emphasize active hand and feet movements. Jingle dancers uses both legs equally thus dividing the weight of the dancers body to the heel of one foot and to the toe of the other (Person 71). As described in the Womens Jingle dress article, the dress is made of a cloth, velvet or leather base adorned with jingles made out of a shiny metal. The structure of the dress used in the jingle dance was made in such a way that the jingles sound would be incorporated in the dance thus making the performers jingle or dance in gladness (Womens Jingle Dress). The movements as well as the jingles present in the dress of the performers make this indigenous dance to be a unique and remarkable one. Furthermore, the steps are made in synchrony with the beat of the drum suggesting that the dancers must keep track with the beat of the said instrument and stop with both feet on the ground on the final beat. The ability of the performer to combine the traditional aspects with h er overall individuality and attitude aids in the dance proper execution as well as the clear portrayal of the dance message. Conclusion Dances, like any other objects and places, have their histories. The occurrence of the different traditional dances on the different parts of the globe represents a significant event and conveys a meaningful story. Though some of the indigenous dances may have died and are being replace by modern ones, still we can not disregard the fact that it has been a significant part of our culture. Sometimes, ideas or foundation of the modern dances at present times have been derived from these indigenous dances. The powwow dances (the Womens jingle dress specifically) had played a vital role in molding the culture of American Indians. The opportunity it provides for the people to gather together and rekindle the origin of their rich culture is indeed admirable. Furthermore, conducting this traditional gathering also open the opportunity to promote brotherhood and uphold the idea of oneness among the American Indians. Powwow dances had been handed through out the ages and people in the Native America continuously perform their task in promoting and preserving these dances. Though not anyone of them may have live since the dance begins, a connection between the past and the present performance is vividly seen for the dance steps being executed at present were the once executed by their ancestors decades ago. Preservation of the traditional dances is highly commendable. People who show their outmost support in the preservation of these dances also shows their high respect to their culture. Stories behind these dances may sound strange in the view point of most people nowadays. Some may tend to criticize and laugh at those stories but individuals must keep in mind that without these stories, presence of these unique dances that we perform and honor would not be likely to occur. Work Cited Pearson, Tom. In the Spirit. Dance Magazine Oct 2005, 70-74. Powwow Dances. 19 May 2008 Twin Cities Public Television, Inc. Womens Jingle Dress.

The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin free essay sample

Benjamin Franklin Summary: The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin was written by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1 790; however, Franklin himself appears to have called the work his Memoirs. Although it had a torturous publication history after Franklins death, this work has become one of the most famous and Influential examples of autobiography ever written. One of the most powerful and controversial writers of his time, his own words on his greatest creation Description: This book Is Intended for Informational and historical purposes. Bibliography: Canada, Mark, Mr.. Ben]amen Franklin, 1706-1790. All American: Benjamin Franklin. N. P. , 26 Feb. . 2001. Web. 12 Mar. 2013 Joseph, George. Historical Vignette: Benjamin Franklin on Accounting. Academy of Accounting Historians. Historical Vignette, 2005. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Period 4 Title: The Declaration of Independence Author: Thomas Jefferson Summary: Drafted by Thomas Jefferson between June 11 and June 28, 1776, the Declaration of Independence summarizes Americas founding political philosophy.At once a cherished symbol of liberty and an expression of Jefferson monumental talents as a writer, the document captures in unforgettable phrases the ideals of individual liberty that formed the backbone of Americans Revolutionary movement. We will write a custom essay sample on The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In setting forth these self-evident truths alongside a list of grievances against King Georges Britain, the Declaration of Independence Justified the breaking of ties with Mother England and the formation of a new country. This gift edition, printed In woo colors on acid-free paper, contains Illustrations and biographies of the signers alongside the document itself.Description: Historical Bibliography: Declaration of Independence. Declaration of Independence. Charters of Freedom, n. D. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Declaration of Independence. History. COM. Television Networks, n. D. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin By Summary: The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin was written by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1790; however, Franklin himself appears to have called the work his work has become one of the most famous and influential examples of autobiography words on his greatest creation Description: This book is intended for informational and historical purposes. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin free essay sample Franklin can be noninsured as the typical American whose philosophies, beliefs, and principles are exemplified in ones attitudes towards life, wealth, and happiness. The evidence of all these and more can be read in the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. What he calls as rambling digressions, Franklin uses a very unpretentious writing style, almost like a conversation, with anecdotes interspersed in the pages. America will never forget Benjamin Franklin because he was able to accomplish both feats that he mentioned in this famous saying.He was able to live the words of wisdom that he as proliferated by writing lots of sensible and usable things, and more. Everyone in this country knows Benjamin Franklin as a scientist (predicting weather conditions and studied the use of hot air balloons, an Inventor (bifocals, flexible urinary catheter, watertight compartments In ships, lightning rods, Iron furnace stove, odometer, and many more), statesman (the only person who signed all four documents that became the basis for the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, he set up the Postal system and the first fire insurance system in America. We will write a custom essay sample on The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Loped create a militia in Philadelphia to protect its residents, and proposed the Daylight Saving Time). He was also printer (he was an apprentice in his brothers printing shop at 12, at 17 he was a fully skilled printer, at 22 he opened his own printing shop, and printed the popular newspaper the Philadelphia Gazette as well his 3 annual Poor Richards Almanac). Among his works as a printer included making cartoons, Illustrated news stories, and letters to the editor.For those books to read even though they might not have been able to afford to buy books to read. Again, Ben anted to use his printing press to help people understand the world around them. As a philosopher, Benjamin Franklin never wasted his time, so surely he must have loved life. He is remembered as one of Americas great thinkers. His ideas and visions had a clear vision of the way America should be and he spent his time helping to make sure that it would be. Less people knew of Benjamin Franklin as a musician. Ben Franklin found simple beauty in simple tunes.He played several musical instruments, including the violin, harp, and guitar. His great interest in music leads IM to build his own glass harmonica. This simple musical instrument was played by touching the edge of the spinning glass with dampened fingers. The harmonicas beautiful tones appealed to many composers, including Mozart and Beethoven. As an economist, his personal ideas about economy helped to shape our countrys economy. We are lucky that they did because Franklin believed that the only true way to wealth was through hard work.This noble idea became the soul of the American Dream, the idea that all people are created equal and each person has the same opportunity to achieve success. Ben used his printing skills to print paper money, helping to establish the paper currency system in America. Today, we honor Bens contribution to the economy every time we use a hundred dollar bill. Bens face appears on it (Morgan, 2002). Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Massachusetts. When he was 12 years old he became apprentice in his brother James printing shop in Boston.He was 17 years old when he left his family for some personal reasons, and ran away to Philadelphia, 4 Pennsylvania. He got an opportunity to go to London where he trained as a printer. Three years later, in 1726, he went back to Philadelphia and opened his own printing shop two years after. The Pennsylvania Gazette became a quick delight of readers as Franklin became its sole owner and published in 1729. A year after, he married Deborah Read Rogers and his son William was born the following year. It was in 1931 that he founded the first Circulating Library.The next year, his second son Francis was born and this year marked the start of his publication of the annual Poor Richards Almanac which ran for 26 years, up to 1758. A disaster happened to his family in 1736 when his young son Francis died. It was this year the he founded the Union Fire Company in Philadelphia. The following year, Franklin was appointed Postmaster of Philadelphia. Being an educated and intellectual person, he proposed the idea for the University of Pennsylvania in 1942. Sarah Sally Franklin was born the year after and two years later, Benjamin father, Josiah died. It was in 1747 that Franklin first wrote about electrical experimentation and organized the first militia in Philadelphia, aiming at protecting its residents. He decided that he had enough of the printing business, so in 1748 he sold his printing ship and retired. This signaled his spending full time in the other roles that he became famous for. His book Experiments and Observations on Electricity was published in London in 1751. The following year, he did his famous kite experiment and also founded the first American fire insurance company.Then his stint being a statesman started to form. He traveled to London many times from 1757 to 1962 as a representative of the Pennsylvania Assembly. He was elected as president of the American Philosophical Society in 1769. It was in 1774 that Benjamin Franklins reputation got damaged with Hutchinson Letters Affairs (Clark, 1983). The Hutchinson Letters Affair began in written to the British government by Thomas 5 Hutchinson, the royal Governor of Massachusetts. In the letters, Hutchinson urged his superiors to send more troops to Boston to fight the American rebels.Ben felt that his friends in Boston should know what Hutchinson was planning. He allowed his American friends and colleagues to read the letters on the condition that they not be circulated or published. However, the content of the letters did get published in the Boston Gazette in June of 1773. The citizens of Boston were furious and forced Hutchinson to flee to England. The British government demanded to know who leaked the letters. In December of 1773, three innocent men were accused. In order to protect them, Ben admitted his guilt.As a result, Bens reputation in England suffered. In January of 1774, Ben was publicly reprimanded. Later that year, Ben left England and returned to America to help write the Declaration of Independence (Clark, 1973). That same year (1774), Franklins wife died. He resumed living his normal life as a statesman as he returned to Philadelphia in 1775 and was elected to Continental Congress and submitted articles of Confederation of United Colonies. The following year, he signed the Declaration of Independence and presided over the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention.That same year, he went to France as American Commissioner where he was one of the responsible persons who negotiated and signed the Treaty of Alliance with France two years after. He was then appointed Minister to France in 1779. He was also one of those who negotiated the Treaty of Peace with the United Kingdom in 1982. Two years later, he also was part of the negotiation for the signing of treaties with Prussia and other countries in Europe. He as elected president of the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery in 1787 and served as a representative to the Constitutional Convention.In 1790, Benjamin Franklin died in Philadelphia at age 84. 6 Benjamin Franklin as a Writer/Author It was in 1733 that Benjamin Franklin started to publish the popular Poor Richards Almanac whose contents were both original and borrowed. He used the alias Richard Saunders that earned it much reputation. Many of Franklins writings were written using pseudonyms. It was a known fact that Richard Saunders was Benjamin Franklin et he never admitted to it. With the yearly publication of the Poor Richards Almanac were wise sayings and adages that are still being quoted today. In its peak, the publication sold approximately ten thousand copies every year. In 1758, he stopped writing and publishing of Poor Richards Almanac and shifted to printing Father Abrahams Sermons which is more popularly known as the Way to Wealth. His autobiography was posthumously published after his death and became one of the classics (Kernels, 2008). Aside from these two popular writings that Benjamin Franklin is known for, he has ended many articles, Journals, letters, and books that are very useful in daily living. That concern the building of the American nation and its people. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is unmistakably one of his masterpieces because it contains very comprehensive and significant events of his life. Although he did not complete his life story, it is still considered to be full of insights and revelations that many Franklin admirers will find. Conclusion Review of The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin When Benjamin Franklin wrote this autobiography for his son as a guide for life, and artsy as a source of family history. This writing is not written as a kind of finished material that any reader would expect any autobiography to be.An autobiography usually covers the complete story of a persons life span over a continuous time frame. However, Benjamin 7 autobiography is actually written over a specific time periods separately. He wrote one part while he was in another continent without the cop of the other parts of the text. What makes this autobiography unique is that Franklin penned it as a letter of instruction in the ways of the world for his son who was then forty years old. The whole writing spans approximately only the first half of what everyone knows of his life. Many famous parts of Benjamin the people already know are not even existent in this autobiography, making it incomplete. One reason that Benjamin did not mind having to finish half an autobiography is because he never intended it to be published. But even with this books incompleteness, the reader still finds a rich strove of anecdotes and life instructions that are practical even in this modern day. Benjamin Franklin remains to be an incredible awesome personality and he still is on f the great person in the entire American history.One would know not really get to know him fully by reading this autobiography, but it does not really matter. Many historians have satisfactorily and comprehensively written about his life in other books. In the pages of The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, one would learn what really make this great person tick, what his beliefs are, and why they believe in them. And that is more than enough. It is thought that anyone who enjoys history will find The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin a rare treat. He was very up-close and personal with many of the cost popular personalities in the pre-revolutionary America.In fact, he seemed to have associations with virtually the most important people in the world during his time. Although written in quite an archaic language, this autobiography is still a classic. After all are said and done about Benjamin Franklin and his autobiography, further emphasizing him as one of the prolific Founding Fathers of the United States, it is sufficed to deduce that he had been successful in bringing about a difference in our country. Aside from being a noble statesman that he is more famous for, he had given a lasting legacy of written works that are rich and useful even in this modern world. As an author, Benjamin Franklin has proven to be as prolific as he is a statesman, scientist, inventor, businessman, and philosopher. To view Benjamin Franklin as a writer is not all hard to do considering his other bigger and nobler endeavors. Students who are studying the totality of Benjamin Franklin as he is known are sometimes challenging for teachers to convince. In order to persuade people to consider Franklin as a writer, it is good to show through literary analysis of his works and issues of organization, style, and there elements of literary genre.Benjamin Franklins contribution to the creation of what we now know as American literature is as significant as the others, especially on the genre that he chose to focus on: that of national identity. He has showed through his writing that anyone can be like him and can accomplish things that he did in his lifetime. His style of writing is concentrated on the universal and practical uses as is read in The Ways to Wealth. In addition, he has shared personal insights taken from experience; thus, making his writings sought after in the world of business acumen.Even after he was cost to death, the memory of Benjamin Franklin still lingers on and can still be read and reviewed in the words that he left. While the rest of this autobiography may not be as emphatic and cohesive, it still provides interesting information and insight into Benjamin Franklin. Loaded with moralistic and seemingly pedagogic writings about life, it is the driving force of the personality of this man. No matter how he was Judged in the following generations after him, it cannot be denied that Benjamin Franklins contributions to the dynamic and growing America will forever be etched in the annals of history.

Code of Ethics Essay Example

Code of Ethics Essay Example Code of Ethics Essay Code of Ethics Essay 1.Nurses value quality nursing care for all people. Valuing quality nursing care involves nurses accepting accountability for the standard of nursing care they provide, helping to raise the standard of nursing care, and taking action when they consider, on reasonable grounds, the standard of nursing care to be unacceptable. This includes a responsibility to question and report what they consider, on reasonable grounds, to be unethical behaviour and treatment. 2. Nurses value respect and kindness for self and others. Valuing respect for self and others encompasses valuing the moral worth and dignity of oneself and others. It includes respecting the individual ethical values people might have in the context of health care. Kindness is the demonstration of simple acts of gentleness, consideration and care. The practise of kindness as a committed and everyday approach to care reduces the power imbalance between a person requiring or receiving care and a nurse, by placing the nurse at the person’s service, which is the appropriate relationship. 3. Nurses value the diversity of people. Valuing the diversity of people requires nurses to appreciate how different cultural backgrounds and languages may influence both the provision and receipt of nursing and health care. 4. Nurses value access to quality nursing and health care for all people. Valuing nursing and health care for all people requires nurses to uphold the principles and standards of the right to nursing and health care as measured by the availability, accessibility, acceptability, quality and safety of nursing and health care services. Specifically, access refers to the extent to which a person or community can obtain health care services. This includes knowledge of when it is appropriate to seek health care, the ability to travel to and the means to pay for health care. Access does not mean the ability to provide all services imaginable for everyone, but rather the ability to reasonably and equitably provide services based on need, irrespective of geography, social standing, ethnicity, age, race, level of income, gender or sexuality. 5. Nurses value informed decision making. Nurses value people’s interests in making free and informed decisions. This includes people having the opportunity to verify the meaning and implication of information being given to them when making decisions about their nursing and health care. Nurses also recognise that making decisions is sometimes constrained by circumstances beyond individual control and that there may be circumstances where informed decisionmaking cannot always be fully realised. 6. Nurses value a culture of safety in nursing and health care. Valuing a culture of safety involves nurses actively engaging in the development of shared knowledge and understanding of the crucial importance of safety in contemporary health care. Nurses who value a culture of safety appreciate that safety is everyone’s responsibility. Nurses support the development of risk management processes and a practice environment designed to reduce the incidence and impact of preventable adverse events in health care. Nurses also support the open disclosure of any adverse events to any person affected during the course of their care 7. Nurses value ethical management of information. The generation and management of information (including health care records and other documents) are performed with professionalism and integrity. This requires the information being recorded to be accurate, non-judgemental and relevant to the health, care and treatment of a person. All health documentation is a record that cannot be changed or altered other than by the addition of further information. A notation in a record or a document used for health care communication can have a powerful positive or negative impact on the quality of care received by a person. These effects can be longlasting, either through ensuring the provision of quality care, or through enshrining stigma, stereotyping and judgement in health care decision-making and health care provision experienced by a person. The ethical management of information involves respecting people’s privacy and confidentiality without compromising health or safety. This applies to all types of data, including clinical and research data, irrespective of the medium in which the information occurs or is stored. 8. Nurses value a socially, economically and ecologically sustainable environment promoting health and wellbeing. Nurses value strategies aimed at preventing, minimising and overcoming the harmful effects of economic, social or ecological factors on the health of individuals and communities. Commitment to a healthy environment involves the conservation and efficient use of resources such as energy, water and fuel, as well as clinical and other materials

Debate the thoeries of Accounting for stock options Research Paper

Debate the thoeries of Accounting for stock options - Research Paper Example Fair value model, lattice model and finally minimum value method which is based upon the someone’s willingness to purchase a call option on a share of stock at the current fair value of the stock with the right to postpone payment of the exercise until the end of the options period, ignoring the volatility of the underlying stock in valuation calculation. This has necessitated the emergence of alternative incentive methods to premium cash thus employee stock options. Any stock option with exercise price higher than the price of the underlying stocks at the exercise date are exchanged for new ones with lower exercise price because companies have to account for the stock issued to their employees. But the companies have to account for them although they do not incur any costs to grant the options. Guides and standards on how such transactions are accounted for in the books of the company have to be provided. Stock option compensation that needs to be looked at is the backdating of employee stock option and how it affects the company. Agency theory argues that compensation policy should provide management with incentives to select and implement actions that add shareholder wealth. Discussion Pertaining the use of the intrinsic value method of accounting for stock options, a company is to value stock options based on their intrinsic value at that juncture they were granted. Intrinsic value refers to the difference between the stock’s market price on the grant date and also including the exercise price at which the employees can use the option to purchase stock. Incase the stock’s market price is slightly higher than the option exercise price, therefore, the stock option’s value is the difference between the two. Realizing the shortcomings of the method there is need to look for a more comprehensive and efficient method of stock options .By using this method it will result in no compensation expense since we grant employees options with e xercise prices same as the fair market value of the underlying stock at the time of the grant. Fair value was encouraged to be used but it was not a mandatory requirement to be used by the companies as stipulated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). The fair value accounting approach valued stock options basing on various factors that establish the underlying value. This is because the companies are to outlay for option grants based on the fair value of the options that were expected to vest on the date it granted them. In December 2004, FASB issued a Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (Statement) No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment. Statement 123(R) replaced Statement 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, and was consequently effective for public companies as of July 1, 2005. It was effective for non-public companies as of January 1, 2006. The company had an option of either using Black-Schole option pricing model or the binomial option so as to come up with the options fair value. However, if the company continues with the intrinsic value of the approach they required to avail additional closure in the footnotes to their financial on what the expenses would have been with fair value approach. Under Statement 123, the company is only allowed to disclose information on the effects